A Brief Survey of the Contents of al-Mizan

Understanding the profound significance and depth of Tafsīr al-Mīzān necessitates an overarching view of its structure and themes. This brief survey serves as a gateway to appreciate the diversity and comprehensiveness of this monumental exegesis of the Qur’an. It provides a structured outline of the contents of the forty English volumes of al-Mīzān.

We have sought to present this overview with a focus on clarity and accessibility for contemporary readers, aiming to highlight the depth of the subjects covered in al-Mīzān. It is our hope that this survey will serve as a helpful introduction for readers to embark on their own journey through this ocean of Qur’anic wisdom and interpretation.

Volume One

This volume serves as an introduction to ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī’s monumental exegesis of the Qur’an and begins with the commentary of Sūrah al-Fātiḥah (Chapter 1) and part of Sūrah al-Baqarah (Chapter ), laying the foundational principles for understanding the Qur’an through the Qur’an itself, elucidating its themes with clarity and depth.

The author opens the commentary with Sūrah al-Fātiḥah, highlighting its profound role as the “Opening of the Book.” He explains the significance of the verses as a comprehensive summary of the Qur’anic worldview. The chapter emphasizes servitude to God, the necessity of divine guidance, and the path to attaining eternal felicity. ʿAllāmah explores the meanings of God’s names, such as al-Raḥmān (The Beneficent) and al-Raḥīm (The Merciful), illustrating how these attributes shape the relationship between the Creator and His creation.

In the commentary on the initial verses of Sūrah al-Baqarah, ʿAllāmah examines the concept of guidance and its manifestation through the Qur’an. The chapter’s themes include the distinctions between believers, disbelievers, and hypocrites, as well as the spiritual and societal implications of adhering to divine commands. ʿAllāmah explores the role of the Qur’an as a source of guidance for the pious and reflects on the characteristics of those who seek and benefit from this guidance.

A significant portion of this volume is dedicated to the concept of miracles, particularly the Qur’an’s own miraculous nature. ʿAllāmah identifies the unique linguistic, intellectual, and prophetic aspects that establish the Qur’an as an enduring miracle. He elaborates on the challenges posed to humanity to replicate its verses and emphasizes the coherence and eloquence of the Qur’an as evidence of its divine origin.

The volume also includes a comprehensive discussion on intercession (verses ), exploring its theological dimensions and implications. ʿAllāmah examines the Qur’anic emphasis on divine mercy and justice, highlighting the role of intercession in balancing accountability and forgiveness. He clarifies misconceptions surrounding intercession and explains its significance in the broader context of divine guidance.

This volume engages in philosophical and theological discussions on free will, divine decree, and human accountability. ʿAllāmah examines the interplay between compulsion and delegation, illustrating how the Qur’an provides a balanced perspective on human actions and divine justice. He addresses the implications of these principles on ethics, society, and individual responsibility.

Throughout the commentary, ʿAllāmah supports his explanations with traditions from the Prophet Muḥammad and the imāms of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). He integrates philosophical reflections with Qur’anic exegesis, ensuring a cohesive understanding of the Qur’an’s teachings.

ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī establishes the methodology and intellectual framework for the subsequent volumes, making it an essential resource for understanding his approach to Qur’anic exegesis. Its focus on the Qur’an’s central themes, theological concepts, and ethical imperatives provides a profound introduction to the Qur’anic worldview and its relevance to humanity.

Volume Two

The second volume of the English translation covers verses 94–182 of Sūrah al-Baqarah (Chapter 2), addressing theological, philosophical, and ethical themes.

The volume explores divine covenants, the rejection of messengers, the principle of imāmah, and the soul’s journey. Notable sections include the Jews’ claims of exclusivity in salvation (verses 94–99), the story of Hārūt and Mārūt and its moral lessons (verses 102–103), the Kaʿbah’s spiritual significance (verses 125–129), and discussions on the soul’s immateriality and Barzakh (verses 153–157). Ethical topics such as Qiṣāṣ (retaliation) and its role in justice (verses 178–182) are also addressed.

ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī provides a comprehensive analysis of verse , which narrates the bestowal of imāmah upon Prophet Abraham. He explains how imāmah transcends the prophetic mission, embodying divine leadership that ensures the continuation of guidance for humanity. The commentary highlights the moral and spiritual qualifications required for imāmah, emphasizing its relevance as a principle of divine justice and governance.

ʿAllāmah emphasizes sincerity in faith and the importance of adhering to divine guidance. The story of Hārūt and Mārūt illustrates humanity’s ethical responsibilities when acquiring knowledge, rejecting false attributions of sorcery to Prophet Solomon. The Kaʿbah and Ḥajj symbolize humanity’s return to God, while the exploration of the soul emphasizes its immaterial and eternal nature. The laws of Qiṣāṣ are defended as both deterrents and safeguards for justice.

Throughout the volume, Ṭabāṭabaʿī offers subtle insights, such as the originality of creation (verses 116–117), the sociological implications of the Qiblah change (verses 142–151), and the distinction between divine love and worldly attachment (verses 163–167). These reflections highlight the Qur’an’s depth and inspire contemplation of divine guidance.

This volume sets the stage for the profound and exhaustive discourse that characterizes al-Mīzān. Each topic is addressed with remarkable depth and clarity, providing readers with insights into the Qurʿān’s multifaceted teachings.

Volume Three

The third volume of the English translation continues the commentary on Sūrah al-Baqarah, covering verses 183–223, with a focus on the theological, ethical, and societal dimensions of these verses.

This volume discusses fasting during Ramaḍān, its spiritual and communal significance, and the rationale behind its legislation (verses 183–185). It emphasizes fasting as a means to attain taqwā (piety) and explains the relationship between abstinence and spiritual growth. The symbolism of the month of Ramaḍān as the time when the Qur’an was revealed is also explored.

The commentary examines the issues of social justice, particularly regarding financial ethics and the prohibition of unlawful transactions (verses 188–195). It also reflects on Ḥajj as a spiritual institution, outlining the rituals and their connection to humanity’s ultimate return to God (verses 196–203). Broader ethical themes include interpersonal relationships, such as the prohibition of specific marriages and maintaining mutual respect (verses 222–223).

ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī highlights the balance between the physical and spiritual aspects of worship. For instance, fasting is not merely abstinence from physical desires but a comprehensive discipline that trains the soul towards divine proximity. The discussion on Ḥajj provides profound insights into its symbolic meaning, representing a microcosm of human life and a journey back to God.

Among the subtle discussions are the philosophical dimensions of divine laws, which harmonize reason with revelation. The volume also examines the concept of human diversity and the role of religion in uniting people despite their differences, underscoring the necessity of prophethood as a guiding light for humanity.

This volume reveals ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī’s ability to intertwine the apparent meanings of the Qur’anic verses with their deeper philosophical and spiritual dimensions. It serves as an essential resource for understanding the Qur’an and its relevance to both individual and societal development, inspiring readers to cultivate a life centered on faith, knowledge, and justice.

Volume Four

The fourth volume of the English translation continues the commentary on Sūrah al-Baqarah, covering verses 224–286, and explores topics such as divine guidance, interpersonal ethics, and the foundations of Islamic legislation.

This volume extensively discusses the rights and responsibilities within marriage and divorce (verses 224–242), emphasizing fairness and preserving the dignity of all parties involved. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī examines the rights of women in Islam, providing comparative insights into their status across civilizations and explaining how Islamic teachings transformed their societal roles. The philosophical and ethical dimensions of financial transactions, including the prohibition of usury (ribā) and the encouragement of spending in the way of God, are comprehensively explored (verses 261–274).

The discussion on spending in the way of God emphasizes the Qur’an’s emphasis on selflessness and the socio-economic benefits of charity. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī highlights how acts of giving cultivate spiritual growth and purify wealth while simultaneously addressing societal inequalities. This theme is interwoven with a broader ethical framework encouraging believers to prioritize communal well-being over individual greed.

A profound analysis of Āyat al-Kursī (verse 255) elucidates its theological significance and the attributes of God presented within it, such as His knowledge, sovereignty, and the intimate connection between the Creator and His creation. Additionally, verses 256–257 discuss the negation of compulsion in religion, reflecting on human freedom and the rational basis of faith.

Subtle discussions include the Qur’anic perspective on the meaning of “heart” (qalb) as the locus of understanding and spirituality, as well as a philosophical exposition on divine speech and its implications for theology. The concept of human struggle and survival, framed within the divine plan for guidance, is also analyzed, highlighting the Qur’an’s approach to history and societal development.

This volume encapsulates ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī’s scholarly brilliance in integrating Qur’anic exegesis with philosophical and ethical reflections. It continues to be an essential resource for understanding the Qur’an, inspiring readers to reflect on the harmony of divine laws with human nature and to strive towards a life of faith, justice, and compassion.

Volume Five

The fifth English volume covers verses 1–41 of Sūrah Āl ʿImrān (Chapter 3), addressing central theological, ethical, and philosophical themes.

The exegesis explores key topics, beginning with the Qurʾānic concept of chastisement and a comprehensive analysis of the āyāt al-muḥkamāt (clear verses), āyāt al-mutashābihāt (ambiguous verses), and taʾwīl (interpretation). These discussions are organized into five sections and summarized under ten themes. Additionally, the issue of interpretation by conjecture (tafsīr bi al-raʾy) is examined from both Qurʾānic and traditional perspectives.

The issue of divine sovereignty and human accountability, discussing how God’s guidance operates within the framework of cause and effect is elaborated. A notable analysis is provided on verse 26, which speaks of God’s dominion over all affairs, including the giving and taking of power. This is paired with reflections on the provision of sustenance (verse 27), emphasizing God’s justice and wisdom in managing creation.

The commentary addresses the significance of familial and societal roles through the story of the family of ʿImrān (verses 33–41). The narrative of Prophet Zakariyyā and Maryam (peace be upon them) highlights the virtues of piety, reliance on God, and the sanctity of divine inspiration. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī contrasts angelic inspiration with satanic whispers, offering insights into how divine communication guides humanity toward spiritual growth.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the concept of human free will within the divine decree, the Qur’anic perspective on divine speech, and the role of human struggle in achieving spiritual perfection. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī provides philosophical insights into how divine laws harmonize with human nature, illustrating the Qur’an’s relevance to both individual and societal development.

Volume five of Tafsīr al-Mīzān continues to inspire readers with its integration of Qur’anic exegesis, ethical reflection, and philosophical depth. It serves as a guide for those seeking to understand the harmony between divine wisdom and the challenges of human life.

Volume Six

This volume begins with the story of Maryam (Mary) and her selection by God (verses 42–47). ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī examines Mary’s spiritual status, her miraculous conception of Prophet Jesus (a.s.), and the announcement of his prophethood. The commentary then addresses the characteristics of Prophet Jesus (a.s.), his miracles, and his mission to the Children of Israel (verses 48–63). Particular focus is given to the Qur’anic refutation of Christian doctrines such as the Trinity and the deification of Jesus.

A substantial part of this volume engages with historical and theological critiques of Judaism and Christianity. Discussions include the historical authenticity of religious scriptures, the divergence of Christian beliefs from Jesus’s teachings, and the Qur’anic argument against the concept of redemption. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī provides a nuanced analysis of the unity of divine guidance across different prophets, emphasizing the consistency of the monotheistic message.

In the latter part of the volume (verses 96–120), the focus shifts to the Kaʿbah and its historical significance. The commentary explores the Qur’an’s emphasis on the Kaʿbah as a unifying symbol for the Abrahamic faiths and the broader implications of this unity for humanity. Themes of steadfastness in faith, patience, and unity among believers are also emphasized, reflecting the socio-political context of early Islam.

Subtle discussions include the philosophical implications of divine selection, the interplay of free will and divine decree in historical events, and the symbolic significance of Prophet Jesus (a.s.) as a “Word of God.” The volume also reflects on the Qur’anic critique of historical deviations in religious traditions and their impact on society.

Volume Seven

Volume seven continues the commentary on Sūrah Āl ʿImrān (Chapter 3) from verses 121–200, addressing themes such as the Battle of Uḥud, social and ethical lessons for the Muslim community, and reflections on divine guidance. It also begins the commentary on Sūrah al-Nisāʿ (Chapter 4) with verse 1, delving into the origins and unity of humanity.

This volume opens with discussions on the Battle of Uḥud, exploring the causes of the Muslims’ setback and their subsequent recovery. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī emphasizes the lessons of steadfastness, trust in God, and the importance of collective unity in the face of adversity (verses 121–129). The ethical and spiritual dimensions of divine forgiveness and mercy are further explored (verses 149–164), highlighting the centrality of repentance and reliance on God.

In verses 190–200, the commentary reflects on the natural world as a sign of divine wisdom and the imperative for believers to engage in constant reflection and remembrance of God. This section is complemented by a profound discourse on the mutual connection of believers in an Islamic society, addressing themes such as the relationship between individuals and society, the basis of an Islamic social system, and the pursuit of happiness through divine guidance.

With the transition to Sūrah al-Nisāʿ, the volume examines the origins of humanity, emphasizing the unity and equality of all people. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī presents a detailed examination of the Qur’anic narrative of creation and its implications for the foundations of human society.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the philosophical implications of trials and tests in human life, the balance between individual and societal obligations in Islam, and the Qur’anic perspective on social reform and governance. Through its meticulous analysis, Volume seven provides timeless lessons on the interplay of divine will, human agency, and the ethical structure of an Islamic society.

Volume Eight

ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī continues his insightful exegesis in Volume Eight, which covers verses 11–76 of Sūrah al-Nisāʾ (Chapter 4). This volume explores a wide range of social, legal, and ethical issues, with a focus on justice, rights, and the intricacies of Qurʾānic legislation.

The volume begins with detailed discussions on inheritance laws (verses 11–14), emphasizing fairness and addressing the rights of women and orphans. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī explores the historical evolution of inheritance practices, contrasting pre-Islamic customs with the transformative changes introduced by Islam. He highlights the Qurʾānic effort to balance familial responsibilities and societal needs, particularly in its treatment of women and vulnerable groups.

ʿAllāmah also addresses themes of repentance and divine mercy (verses 17–18). These discussions explores the conditions for genuine repentance and its transformative role in restoring the individual’s relationship with God. Ethical concerns such as mutual respect, equity in marital relationships, and the limits of permissible actions in family matters are also extensively examined (verses 19–35).

A significant portion of this volume is dedicated to the philosophy of lawful and unlawful relationships, including the discourse on temporary marriage (Mutʿah) and its various interpretations (verses 23–28). ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī provides a nuanced examination of the traditions surrounding this topic, addressing both historical context and theological implications.

The exegesis moves to broader societal issues, discussing the consequences of justice and injustice, the distinction between major and minor sins, and the Qurʾānic perspective on governance and social reform (verses 36–58). Verses 59–70 explore the dynamics of obedience to God, His Messenger, and those in authority, emphasizing the Qurʾān’s vision of a just and harmonious society.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the symbolic significance of familial bonds in divine legislation, the ethical dimensions of human behavior in social settings, and the philosophical underpinnings of divine mercy and justice. Through these themes, ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī highlights the Qurʾānic vision of a society rooted in equity, compassion, and accountability.

Volume Nine

Volume nine continues the commentary on Sūrah al-Nisāʾ (Chapter 4) from verses 77 to 176 and begins with the first three verses of Sūrah al-Māʾidah (Chapter 5). This volume covers intricate theological and legal discussions while addressing ethical and social themes in Islamic thought.

The volume opens with an exploration of divine justice and human agency in the attribution of good and evil (verses 77–80). ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī discusses the Qurʾānic stance that good comes from God as the Creator of all goodness, while evil is a result of human actions and their deviation from divine guidance. This philosophical discourse emphasizes the relationship between divine mercy, human responsibility, and the inherent good in God’s creation.

The exegesis then addresses specific legal rulings, such as the laws of retribution and compensation, and the framework of societal justice (verses 92–100). The commentary discusses the ethical considerations surrounding the treatment of the weak and oppressed, particularly emphasizing migration and the moral obligations of believers towards those seeking refuge.

A significant portion is dedicated to the concept of ‘iṣmah (sinlessness) in the Qurʾān (verses 105–126). ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī elaborates on how ‘iṣmah is rooted in divine knowledge and serves as a safeguard against sin and error. This discussion ties into broader themes of divine selection, leadership, and the role of prophets and imāms in guiding humanity.

In the final part of the commentary on Sūrah al-Nisāʾ, the focus shifts to familial and societal ethics, including issues related to justice, fairness, and the treatment of women and orphans.

The volume concludes with an introduction to Sūrah al-Māʾidah (Chapter 5), beginning with a discourse on the Qurʾānic understanding of contracts (ʿaqd) and the ethical dimensions of lawful and unlawful actions, particularly concerning dietary laws. In discussing the third verse of Sūrah al-Māʾidah, ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī reflects on the profound declaration of the completion and perfection of Islam: “Today I have perfected your religion for you, and I have completed My blessing upon you, and I have approved Islam as your religion.” He highlights how this verse signifies the culmination of divine guidance through the appointment of leadership, particularly in reference to the event of Ghadīr Khumm, where Imām ʿAlī’s guardianship was proclaimed. This milestone is presented as the final piece in the establishment of a comprehensive system of life in Islam.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the interplay between free will and predestination, the balance of divine mercy and justice, and the ethical implications of human actions in light of divine decree. Through these reflections, ʿAllāmah highlights the Qurʾānic vision of a society founded on equity, compassion, and accountability.

Volume nine of Tafsīr al-Mīzān showcases ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī’s ability to harmonize Qurʾānic exegesis with philosophical inquiry and ethical reflection. It is a vital resource for understanding the Qurʾānic guidance on personal, familial, and societal matters.

Volume Ten

Volume ten continues the commentary on Sūrah al-Māʾidah (Chapter 5), covering verses 4 to 54. This volume provides detailed exegesis on theological, legal, and ethical themes, interspersed with historical reflections and philosophical insights.

The commentary opens with the laws related to dietary provisions (verses 4–5). ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī explains the Qurʾānic principles for distinguishing lawful (ḥalāl) from unlawful (ḥarām) foods, emphasizing the conditions under which hunting and slaughtering animals become permissible. He also explores the legal and spiritual significance of reciting the name of God during such practices, underscoring the ethical responsibilities involved in hunting and consuming animals.

A significant portion of this volume focuses on themes of justice, fairness, and the divine guidance offered by the Qurʾān. The verses addressing the ethical foundations of Sharīʿah law (verses 41–50) explore the concepts of Dīn, Sharīʿah, and Millah, clarifying their distinctions and complementary roles in the Islamic framework. The discussion extends to the necessity of adhering to divine laws as the means for achieving societal harmony and personal righteousness.

The story of the sons of Ādam (verses 27–32) is extensively analyzed, highlighting the moral and ethical lessons derived from the narrative of Qābīl and Hābīl (Cain and Abel). ʿAllāmah contrasts the Qurʾānic account with the Biblical version, illustrating the Qurʾān’s emphasis on justice and responsibility. He reflects on the symbolic meaning of bloodshed and the sanctity of life in the broader framework of human interaction and accountability.

One of the profound discussions in this volume is the analysis of human perception and thought, which is presented alongside a historical discourse on the evolution of Islamic thought. ʿAllāmah examines the intellectual capabilities bestowed upon humanity by God, emphasizing the role of cognition and theoretical knowledge in attaining spiritual perfection. This discussion reflects the Qurʾānic invitation to ponder the natural world and human history as signs of divine wisdom.

The volume concludes with a reflection on the trials and challenges faced by believers and the conditions of the “disease of the heart” mentioned in verses 51–54. ʿAllāmah connects these verses to the spiritual ailments that hinder faith, encouraging readers to maintain sincerity and steadfastness in their relationship with God.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the Qurʾānic perspective on divine mercy, the philosophy of free will versus determinism, and the socio-political implications of Islamic legislation. Through his meticulous analysis, ʿAllāmah provides a comprehensive understanding of the Qurʾān’s holistic guidance, blending theological depth with ethical and practical considerations.

Volume ten of Tafsīr al-Mīzān is a testament to ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī’s intellectual rigor and spiritual insight. It remains an indispensable resource for anyone seeking a profound understanding of Qurʾānic teachings and their relevance to contemporary ethical and societal issues.

Volume Eleven

Volume eleven continues the commentary on Sūrah al-Māʾidah (Chapter 5), covering verses 55 to 105. This volume engages with profound theological, ethical, and historical discussions, highlighting themes central to Islamic teachings.

The commentary on verse 55 introduces the concept of wilāyah (guardianship). ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī emphasizes the divine guardianship of God, the Messenger, and those who maintain prayer and pay alms while bowing. This verse is deeply analyzed in the context of its historical and theological significance, particularly regarding its connection to the event of Ghadīr Khumm and the appointment of Imām ʿAlī (a.s.) as a successor to the Prophet. ʿAllāmah examines narrations and traditions that highlight the pivotal role of wilāyah in Islamic governance and spiritual guidance.

Verse 67 continues the discussion on leadership, revealing the command to deliver the message of wilāyah openly despite potential opposition. This verse serves as a testament to the completion of God’s message and the establishment of the leadership framework in Islam.

In verses 68–86, ʿAllāmah explores the Qurʾānic presentation of tawḥīd (the oneness of God). He provides a nuanced discussion on its theological, spiritual, and philosophical implications. This section also critiques the doctrinal deviations of earlier religious communities, particularly the People of the Book, and reaffirms the universal truth of monotheism as the cornerstone of divine guidance.

The volume also addresses practical and societal matters. In verses 87–93, discussions include the prohibition of excess in religion, the ethical consumption of lawful provisions, and the harmful consequences of intoxicants and gambling. ʿAllāmah explores the Qurʾānic approach to balancing personal piety with societal welfare, reflecting Islam’s comprehensive ethical framework.

The final verses, 94–105, focus on the sanctity of vows, dietary laws, and the importance of accountability before God. ʿAllāmah reflects on the moral and spiritual dimensions of adhering to divine commands, emphasizing the role of individual responsibility in maintaining social justice and harmony.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the philosophical underpinnings of divine authority, the interconnection between faith and action, and the Qurʾānic perspective on human free will and divine decree. The discussions provide a comprehensive understanding of how Qurʾānic principles integrate into personal, societal, and global contexts.

Volume eleven of Tafsīr al-Mīzān is a profound exploration of core Islamic teachings, blending meticulous exegesis with philosophical depth. It serves as an essential resource for understanding the theological, ethical, and spiritual foundations of the Qurʾān.

Volume Twelve

This volume continues the commentary on Sūrah al-Māʾidah (Chapter 5), covering verses 106–120. It provides profound insights into theological, ethical, and societal dimensions, concluding the exegesis of Sūrah al-Māʾidah.

The commentary opens with the laws of testimony (verses 106–109), emphasizing the significance of justice and truthfulness in legal and ethical matters. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī explores the role of testimony in societal harmony and addresses its practical application during times of dispute, particularly in matters of inheritance and financial dealings.

Verses 110–120 focus on the account of Prophet Jesus, including his miraculous life, divine mission, and the challenges he faced. ʿAllāmah discusses the miracles performed by Jesus as a sign of God’s power, emphasizing their role in guiding humanity toward monotheism. The volume critically examines Christian theological claims such as the divinity of Jesus, providing a Qurʾānic rebuttal while emphasizing his role as a revered prophet and servant of God.

This volume also includes a detailed discourse on prophetic manners, highlighting the exemplary character of the Prophet Muḥammad (s.a.w.). ʿAllāmah elaborates on the moral and ethical principles reflected in the Prophet’s conduct, offering valuable lessons for personal and societal development.

A pivotal section addresses the sensitive topic of slavery and its historical, social, and ethical dimensions. ʿAllāmah examines the institution of slavery through a Qurʾānic lens, emphasizing its regulation and gradual abolition in Islam. He reflects on the transformative impact of Islamic teachings on the rights and dignity of enslaved individuals.

The volume concludes with a profound discussion on forgiveness and punishment. ʿAllāmah explores the interplay between divine justice and mercy, emphasizing the Qurʾānic principles of accountability and moral responsibility.

Subtle discussions include the Qurʾānic perspective on human free will, the philosophy of divine tests, and the ethical implications of societal laws. Through meticulous analysis, ʿAllāmah highlights the harmony between divine guidance and human nature.

Volume twelve serves as a rich resource for understanding the comprehensive ethical, theological, and spiritual teachings of the Qurʾān. It reflects ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī’s scholarly depth and remains an invaluable guide for those seeking to explore deeper into the divine message.

Volume Thirteen

The volume focuses entirely on Sūrah al-Anʿām (Chapter 6), covering verses 1–83. It begins by affirming the unity of God as the Creator of the heavens and the earth, the darkness and the light (verses 1–3). ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī elaborates on the systematic nature of creation, emphasizing its reflection of God’s oneness and the absurdity of associating partners with Him. This framework establishes the foundation for the broader arguments against polytheism that run throughout the chapter.

A significant section (verses 4–11) critiques the stubbornness of the disbelievers who reject divine signs. The commentary highlights the consequences of such rejection, warning of the inevitable emergence of truth and the downfall of those who mock it. ʿAllāmah also reflects on the lessons from previous generations destroyed for their transgressions, drawing parallels to the fate awaiting persistent deniers of truth.

In verses 12–32, the focus shifts to humanity’s relationship with God. Discussions include the universal accountability to God and the transient nature of worldly life. ʿAllāmah provides a deep analysis of the innate recognition of monotheism in human nature, critiquing the polytheists’ deviation from this natural disposition.

One of the profound themes in this volume is the exclusivity of divine knowledge over the unseen (verse 59). ʿAllāmah discusses the “keys of the unseen” as being solely within God’s domain, underscoring His omniscience and the limitations of human understanding. This verse serves as a basis for exploring the broader implications of divine knowledge and human humility.

A fascinating discussion in this volume pertains to the concept of animal societies (verses 37–55). ʿAllāmah reflects on the Qurʾānic recognition of animals as communities similar to humans, emphasizing the divine wisdom in creation and humanity’s responsibility towards all living beings. This discourse bridges scientific observation with spiritual insights, highlighting the harmony of creation.

The narrative of Prophet Abraham (a.s.) dominates the latter part of the volume (verses 74–83). ʿAllāmah examines Abraham’s journey in discovering the truth of monotheism and his rejection of idolatry. The commentary contrasts the Qurʾānic account of Abraham’s story with Biblical narratives, addressing inconsistencies in the latter and affirming the Qurʾānic portrayal as both rational and divinely inspired. This section also explores Abraham’s lasting impact on human society and his role as a universal symbol of faith.

Subtle discussions throughout the volume include the philosophical underpinnings of divine justice, the interplay of free will and predestination, and the ethical framework guiding human behavior. ʿAllāmah highlights the Qurʾānic emphasis on reason and reflection as essential tools for understanding divine guidance.

Volume thirteen showcases ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī’s scholarly depth, blending rigorous exegesis with philosophical and ethical insights. It is a valuable resource for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of Qurʾānic teachings on monotheism, divine justice, and humanity’s place within creation.

Volume Fourteen

This volume completes the commentary on Sūrah al-Anʿām (Chapter 6), covering verses 84–165. It provides profound insights into monotheism, divine guidance, and ethical living, addressing theological, social, and philosophical themes integral to the Qurʾānic message.

The volume begins with a discussion of the chain of divine guidance (verses 84–90), tracing the lineage of prophets who were chosen by God to convey His message. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī emphasizes that this continuity of guidance reflects God’s mercy and the divine preservation of monotheism throughout history. The commentary explores the characteristics of these prophets, highlighting their steadfastness and moral excellence, which serve as exemplars for humanity.

A significant portion of this volume (verses 91–105) critiques the rejection of divine revelation by previous communities, particularly the People of the Book. ʿAllāmah discusses the universality of the Qurʾānic message, its distinction from earlier scriptures, and the false claims made about the nature of God. This section also examines the Qurʾānic concept of barakah (blessing), emphasizing its role in human prosperity and spiritual growth.

The verses further elaborate on the nature of divine guidance (verses 106–121), stressing the importance of adhering strictly to God’s commands and avoiding the pitfalls of innovation in religion. ʿAllāmah provides a detailed discussion on lawful and unlawful provisions, emphasizing the ethical and spiritual dimensions of dietary laws and their impact on human behavior and societal well-being.

Verses 122–135 introduce profound reflections on life, death, and divine light. ʿAllāmah examines the Qurʾānic symbolism of light and darkness, interpreting them as representations of faith and disbelief, guidance and misguidance. This section highlights the transformative power of divine guidance in elevating human potential and illuminating the path to salvation.

The volume also addresses the moral and social corruption of polytheistic practices, particularly those related to animal sacrifices (verses 136–150). ʿAllāmah critiques the arbitrary and superstitious practices of the disbelievers, contrasting them with the rational and ethical framework of Islam. This discussion is linked to the Qurʾān’s emphasis on rationality, justice, and the sanctity of life.

In the concluding verses (151–165), the commentary highlights the ethical code outlined in the Qurʾān, which serves as a universal charter for human conduct. ʿAllāmah reflects on the Ten Commandments-like injunctions provided in this section, discussing their role in fostering individual and collective well-being. The volume concludes with an emphasis on accountability, the consequences of human actions, and the Qurʾān’s call to reflect on the signs of God in creation.

Subtle discussions throughout the volume include the philosophical implications of divine justice, the interplay of free will and predestination, and the Qurʾānic view of human responsibility. ʿAllāmah also explores the concept of the “straight path” as the ultimate goal of divine guidance, uniting humanity under the banner of monotheism and justice.

Volume fourteen of Tafsīr al-Mīzān is a masterful exposition of Qurʾānic teachings, blending rigorous analysis with spiritual and ethical insights. It offers invaluable guidance for understanding the timeless principles of Islam and their relevance to contemporary life.

Volume Fifteen

Volume fifteen begins the commentary on Sūrah al-Aʿrāf (Chapter 7), covering verses 1–93. This volume examines profound theological, ethical, and philosophical discussions while addressing historical narratives and their spiritual significance. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī’s commentary on Sūrah al-Aʿrāf is considered by many scholars as “the peak of al-Mīzān.”

The volume opens with an exploration of the Qurʾān as a divine communication (verses 1–2). ʿAllāmah emphasizes the Qurʾān’s role as both a warning for humanity and a reminder for believers, highlighting its universal applicability and profound moral guidance. The commentary reflects on the concept of divine covenants and humanity’s obligations to adhere to them (verse 3).

One of the central themes is the story of the creation of Ādam (a.s.) and the role of Iblīs (verses 10–25). ʿAllāmah provides a detailed analysis of Iblīs’s rebellion and his enmity toward humanity. This section examines philosophical questions regarding free will, predestination, and the rationale behind divine tests. He critiques simplistic interpretations of these narratives, offering a subtle understanding rooted in Qurʾānic principles and rational inquiry.

The commentary addresses broader ethical dimensions, such as the concepts of felicity and wretchedness (verses 26–36). ʿAllāmah reflects on humanity’s dual potential for spiritual elevation or moral downfall, linking this to the nature of divine guidance and human responsibility. The discussion includes an analysis of narrations related to ṭīnah (clay) and its metaphorical implications for human disposition and character.

A significant section focuses on the Aʿrāf (elevations or heights) and the people associated with it (verses 37–53). ʿAllāmah explores the various exegetical perspectives on this term, linking it to themes of accountability, moral discernment, and divine justice. This discourse underlines the Qurʾānic emphasis on the consequences of human choices and the scales of justice on the Day of Judgment.

Another profound theme is the duality of creation and command (khalq and amr), discussed in the context of God’s throne (ʿArsh) and its symbolic meaning (verses 54–58). ʿAllāmah provides a philosophical analysis of these terms, explaining their implications for understanding divine sovereignty and the interconnectedness of the material and spiritual realms.

The historical narratives of the prophets, including Noah, Hūd, Ṣāliḥ, Lot, and Shuʿayb (verses 59–93), are extensively discussed. These stories serve as moral and spiritual lessons, illustrating the patterns of divine guidance, human response, and the ultimate triumph of truth. ʿAllāmah contrasts these Qurʾānic accounts with other scriptural traditions, emphasizing the unique perspective and coherence of the Qurʾān.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the Qurʾānic view of human reason and its validity, the philosophical implications of divine actions, and the balance between divine mercy and justice. ʿAllāmah also examines narrations related to these themes, offering insights into their theological and practical relevance.

Volume fifteen is a profound exposition of Qurʾānic principles, blending meticulous exegesis with philosophical and ethical reflections. It continues to serve as a vital resource for understanding the Qurʾān’s timeless guidance and its relevance to contemporary challenges.

Volume Sixteen

Volume sixteen continues the commentary on Sūrah al-Aʿrāf (Chapter 7), covering verses 94–206. This volume provides deep insights into divine customs, ethical principles, and spiritual realities, as well as addressing key theological discussions.

The commentary begins with reflections on divine trials and their purpose (verses 94–102). ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī examines how hardship and ease serve as tests from God to guide humanity back to the straight path. He elaborates on the concept of divine “plotting” (makr) and the consequences of ingratitude and heedlessness in human communities.

A central theme in this volume is the story of Prophet Moses (a.s.) and the Israelites (verses 103–160). ʿAllāmah provides a detailed analysis of Moses’s mission to confront Pharaoh and liberate the Children of Israel. He highlights the challenges faced by Moses, the repeated denial of truth by Pharaoh and his people, and the ultimate triumph of divine will. The commentary explores the moral and spiritual lessons derived from these events, such as the consequences of arrogance, the significance of patience, and the role of divine support in overcoming oppression.

One of the most profound discussions in this volume is the request of Moses (a.s.) to see God (verse 143). ʿAllāmah explores the theological implications of this event, explaining the Qurʾānic stance on the impossibility of perceiving God through sensory means. He reflects on the nature of divine knowledge and the human capacity to comprehend metaphysical realities.

The commentary also addresses the primordial covenant (mīthāq) between God and humanity (verses 172–174). ʿAllāmah discusses the implications of this pre-eternal testimony, emphasizing its role in affirming the innate recognition of God’s lordship within human nature (fiṭra). This section includes a philosophical exploration of the relationship between divine knowledge, human awareness, and moral responsibility.

Another significant theme is the concept of divine names and attributes (verses 180–186). ʿAllāmah provides a detailed exposition on the meaning, classification, and application of God’s “most beautiful names” (asmāʾ al-ḥusnā). He explores their theological significance and their role in shaping human understanding of divine attributes and actions.

The concluding verses (187–206) focus on the importance of humility, mindfulness, and remembrance (dhikr) of God. ʿAllāmah emphasizes the Qurʾānic call to reflect on the signs of God in creation and to maintain a constant state of awareness and gratitude. The volume concludes with reflections on the consequences of heedlessness and the rewards of mindfulness, linking these themes to the broader Qurʾānic vision of salvation.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the interplay of free will and divine decree, the relationship between divine mercy and justice, and the ethical implications of human actions. ʿAllāmah masterfully integrates Qurʾānic exegesis with philosophical and spiritual insights, providing a comprehensive understanding of these profound themes.

Volume Seventeen

This volume provides an in-depth exegesis of Sūrah al-Anfāl (Chapter 8), which addresses themes of faith, divine justice, and the ethics of conflict. This chapter, often referred to as “Sūrah Badr,” reflects upon the Battle of Badr and derives broader lessons for individual and societal conduct.

The commentary begins by discussing the distribution of spoils of war, emphasizing the principles of divine ownership and collective responsibility. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī highlights the Qurʾānic approach to resolving disputes among believers, advocating for reconciliation and adherence to divine commands. He explains how the rules surrounding anfāl (spoils of war) serve as a mechanism for maintaining social harmony and justice.

A significant portion of the chapter focuses on the characteristics of true believers, as described in verses 2–4. ʿAllāmah elaborates on their spiritual traits, including their reverence for God, trust in Him, and dedication to prayer and charity. These qualities, he notes, form the foundation of a cohesive and morally upright community. He also reflects on the concept of īmān (faith) as a dynamic and evolving state, deepened through reflection and adherence to divine guidance.

The commentary then transitions to the narrative of the Battle of Badr, which is presented not merely as a historical event but as a manifestation of divine support for the faithful. ʿAllāmah examines the moral and spiritual lessons derived from this victory, including the importance of unity, reliance on God, and perseverance in the face of adversity. He also discusses the role of angels in assisting the believers and the psychological impact of divine reassurance on the battlefield.

Another key theme in this volume is the ethical framework for warfare, as outlined in verses 41–75. ʿAllāmah analyzes the rules concerning prisoners of war, treaties, and the proportionality of force, emphasizing the Qurʾānic call for restraint and the pursuit of peace wherever possible. He reflects on the balance between justice and mercy, illustrating how these principles are integral to Islamic governance and societal well-being.

Throughout the commentary, ʿAllāmah integrates theological discussions on topics such as divine justice, free will, and predestination. He addresses the philosophical underpinnings of human accountability and the interplay between divine decree and individual agency. These reflections provide a deeper understanding of the Qurʾānic worldview and its implications for personal and communal ethics.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the significance of divine tests and trials, the dynamics of leadership in times of crisis, and the spiritual dimensions of victory and defeat. ʿAllāmah’s nuanced approach weaves together historical analysis, theological inquiry, and practical guidance, offering a holistic interpretation of Sūrah al-Anfāl.

Volume seventeen serves as a profound exploration of the ethical, spiritual, and societal dimensions of the Qurʾānic message. It provides timeless insights for navigating challenges and fostering a just and harmonious community, making it an invaluable resource for readers seeking a deeper connection with the Qurʾān.

Volume Eighteen

Volume eighteen begins the commentary on Sūrah al-Tawbah (Chapter 9), covering verses 1–129. This volume addresses key theological, historical, and social themes, with a focus on the nature of divine commands, treaties, repentance, and the consequences of hypocrisy.

The volume opens with an analysis of the proclamation of repudiation (barāʾah) against the idolaters who violated their treaties (verses 1–16). ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī examines the ethical principles underlying this proclamation, highlighting that treaties were only revoked in response to repeated treachery by the disbelievers. This section highlights the Qurʾānic emphasis on justice and the importance of fulfilling obligations.

A central theme in this volume is the nature and conditions of divine mercy and forgiveness (verses 17–28). ʿAllāmah elaborates on the requirements for repentance and its transformative power in repairing the relationship between humanity and God. He reflects on the sanctity of sacred sites and the responsibility of believers to uphold them.

The commentary provides an extensive discourse on the Battle of Tabūk (verses 29–75). ʿAllāmah analyzes the circumstances leading to this campaign, the trials faced by the Prophet and his companions, and the behavior of the hypocrites who attempted to undermine the Muslim community. The discussion includes reflections on the spiritual and social dimensions of jihād, illustrating its role as a collective effort to uphold truth and justice.

ʿAllāmah also discusses the Prophet’s migration (hijrah) from Mecca to Medina, referencing verse . He reflects on the migration’s significance as a pivotal moment in Islamic history, representing the establishment of a just and unified Muslim community. The verse emphasizes the virtues among the Muhājirūn (Emigrants) and the Anṣār (Helpers), highlighting their sacrifices and unwavering faith as examples for all believers.

A significant portion of the commentary addresses the characteristics and consequences of hypocrisy (verses 64–80). ʿAllāmah identifies the traits of hypocrites, including their deceitful actions, lack of commitment to the community, and attempts to sow discord. He emphasizes the importance of sincerity and steadfastness in faith as safeguards against hypocrisy.

The volume also discusses the role of charity and financial obligations in fostering social solidarity (verses 60–106). ʿAllāmah examines the principles of zakāt and other forms of charity, emphasizing their role in purifying wealth and strengthening communal bonds. The theological and ethical implications of hoarding wealth and neglecting charitable duties are explored in depth.

Another noteworthy discussion pertains to the concept of divine composure (sakīnah) granted to believers during trials and battles (verses 36–50). ʿAllāmah interprets this as a divine gift that instills peace and strengthens faith, enabling believers to face challenges with resilience and confidence.

The volume concludes with reflections on the ultimate purpose of divine guidance and the consequences of human actions (verses 107–129). ʿAllāmah highlights the Qurʾānic call to maintain unwavering trust in God and to prioritize obedience to divine commands over worldly concerns. The final verses emphasize the comprehensive nature of the Prophet’s mission and the universal relevance of the Qurʾān.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the interplay between divine decree and human free will, the philosophical implications of repentance, and the ethical responsibilities of leadership and governance. ʿAllāmah integrates historical analysis with theological and ethical insights, providing a holistic understanding of the Qurʾānic message.

Volume eighteen of Tafsīr al-Mīzān exemplifies ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī’s intellectual rigor and spiritual depth. It is an essential resource for those seeking a nuanced understanding of the Qurʾān’s guidance on faith, community, and moral development.

Volume Nineteen

Volume nineteen continues the commentary on Sūrah Yūnus (Chapter 10), covering verses 1–109, and begins the commentary on Sūrah Hūd (Chapter 11). This volume offers profound insights into theological, historical, and ethical dimensions of the Qur’anic message, focusing on divine guidance, human accountability, and the stories of past prophets.

The commentary begins with an exploration of the Qur’an as a divine revelation (verses 1–20 of Sūrah Yūnus). ʿAllāmah reflects on the challenges faced by the Prophet Muḥammad in conveying the Qur’anic message, emphasizing the role of reason and reflection in understanding divine guidance. This section critiques the rejection of truth by disbelievers and their reliance on baseless conjecture.

A significant portion of this volume is dedicated to the narrative of Prophet Noah (verses 71–74) and the lessons drawn from his unwavering commitment to his mission. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī examines Noah’s interactions with his community, their rejection of his message, and the eventual consequences of their disobedience. This discussion highlights the broader Qurʾānic theme of divine justice and mercy.

The commentary on Sūrah Yūnus also includes reflections on God’s attributes, emphasizing His mercy, omnipotence, and omniscience (verses 31–44). ʿAllāmah elaborates on the interconnectedness of divine attributes, exploring how they manifest in creation and guidance. These discussions highlight the importance of trust in God’s wisdom and the futility of idolatry.

The volume transitions into Sūrah Hūd with an analysis of the stories of earlier prophets, such as Hūd, Ṣāliḥ, and Abraham. ʿAllāmah draws parallels between the challenges faced by these prophets and the struggles encountered by the Prophet Muḥammad (s.a.w.), emphasizing the timeless relevance of their examples for contemporary believers. The commentary highlights themes of steadfastness, reliance on God, and the consequences of moral corruption and disbelief.

A notable theme throughout this volume is the Qurʾānic call to reflect on the signs of God in nature and history. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī emphasizes the importance of using reason and reflection to deepen one’s faith and understanding of the divine message. He critiques superficial interpretations and stresses the need for sincerity and humility in seeking truth.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the interplay between divine decree and human free will, the philosophical implications of prophetic missions, and the ethical responsibilities of individuals and communities. ʿAllāmah integrates these themes with historical analysis, providing a comprehensive understanding of the Qurʾānic narrative.

Volume Twenty

Volume twenty continues the commentary on Sūrah Hūd (Chapter 11), covering verses 25–99. This volume examines the theological, historical, and ethical themes, providing detailed insights into the stories of earlier prophets, the nature of divine guidance, and human accountability.

The commentary begins with the narrative of Prophet Noah (verses 25–49), emphasizing his struggle to guide his people towards monotheism and righteousness. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī explores Noah’s logical and moral arguments, the rejection he faced from his community, and the eventual divine punishment that befell them. This section highlights themes of patience, reliance on God, and the consequences of arrogance and disbelief.

The story of Prophet Hūd follows, addressing his mission to the people of ʿĀd (verses 50–60). ʿAllāmah discusses Hūd’s call to abandon idolatry and embrace monotheism, highlighting the rejection of his message and the destruction that resulted from their persistent defiance. The commentary draws parallels between Hūd’s struggle and the challenges faced by other prophets, emphasizing the universality of the Qurʾānic message.

The volume also covers the account of Prophet Ṣāliḥ and the people of Thamūd (verses 61–68). ʿAllāmah reflects on the miraculous she-camel as a sign of divine power and the moral lessons derived from its rejection by the people. This section highlights the recurring Qurʾānic theme of the interplay between human free will and divine decree.

The story of Prophet Abraham and his interaction with the angels is explored next (verses 69–76). The angels’ visit brings glad tidings of a son and warnings of the impending punishment for the people of Lot. ʿAllāmah explores the significance of hospitality, compassion, and intercession as demonstrated by Abraham.

The narrative of Prophet Lot (a.s.) follows (verses 77–83), focusing on his efforts to guide his people away from immoral behavior and the divine punishment that ultimately destroyed them. ʿAllāmah examines the ethical and societal implications of Lot’s story, emphasizing the Qurʾānic call for purity and justice.

The account of Prophet Shuʿayb (verses 84–95) addresses issues of economic justice, fair trade, and the moral responsibilities of leadership. ʿAllāmah critiques the societal corruption and moral decay of Shuʿayb’s people, linking their destruction to their persistent wrongdoing and disregard for divine guidance.

A significant philosophical digression in this volume pertains to human free will and divine justice. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī explores the Qurʾānic perspective on human agency, emphasizing the balance between individual accountability and divine mercy. This discussion provides a framework for understanding the ethical and theological principles that underpin the Qurʾānic worldview.

The concluding verses (96–99) reflect on the ultimate triumph of truth and the inevitability of divine justice. ʿAllāmah emphasizes the Qurʾān’s call to learn from the past, to strive for moral and spiritual growth, and to remain steadfast in the face of challenges.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the philosophical implications of prophetic missions, the dynamics of human society, and the ethical responsibilities of individuals and communities. ʿAllāmah integrates these themes with historical analysis, providing a comprehensive understanding of the Qurʾānic narrative.

Volume Twenty–One

Volume twenty-one of Tafsīr al-Mīzān by ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī completes the commentary on Sūrah Hūd (Chapter 11) and begins the detailed exegesis of Sūrah Yūsuf (Chapter 12). This volume explores profound theological, ethical, and historical themes while offering spiritual insights into the narratives of earlier prophets.

The commentary continues with verses 100–123 of Sūrah Hūd, addressing the outcomes of past nations and their relevance for contemporary believers. ʿAllāmah reflects on the narratives of destruction that befell disobedient nations, emphasizing the lessons of divine justice and mercy. He probes into the balance between free will and predestination, illustrating how human actions lead to inevitable consequences. Key themes include the purpose of trials, the role of patience and reliance on God, and the importance of steadfastness in adversity. The volume emphasizes that divine decrees serve as a test for humanity and a means to manifest faith and resolve.

The commentary begins on Sūrah Yūsuf with verses 1–57, offering an in-depth analysis of the narrative of Prophet Yūsuf (Joseph). ʿAllāmah highlights the chapter’s unique structure as a continuous narrative dedicated to a single story, rich in moral and spiritual lessons. ʿAllāmah explains the Qurʾān’s presentation of Yūsuf’s story as a means to provide timeless guidance, reflecting divine wisdom in human affairs. The dream in which Yūsuf sees eleven stars, the sun, and the moon bowing to him is interpreted as a prophetic vision foreshadowing his future and the fulfillment of divine plans. The jealousy and betrayal by Yūsuf’s brothers are analyzed as reflections of human weakness and the consequences of envy. ʿAllāmah emphasizes the importance of forgiveness and the transformative power of divine providence.

Yūsuf’s journey through slavery, imprisonment, and eventual rise to prominence in Egypt is explored as a testament to his unwavering faith, moral integrity, and reliance on God. Yūsuf’s encounter with the wife of Potiphar highlights his steadfastness in resisting temptation. This episode serves as an example of the Qurʾānic emphasis on purity, chastity, and reliance on God in moments of moral trial.

Volume twenty-one offers deep reflections on several ethical and philosophical themes. The interplay between divine decree and human agency is examined, particularly in the context of Yūsuf’s trials and his ultimate success. Dreams are presented as a medium of divine communication, with Yūsuf’s ability to interpret them underscoring his prophetic insight. The narrative of Yūsuf’s reunion with his brothers emphasizes the Qurʾānic values of forgiveness, reconciliation, and the triumph of truth over falsehood. The overarching message of the chapter emphasizes the significance of patience and faith in navigating life’s challenges and achieving spiritual growth.

Volume twenty-one is a profound exploration of the themes of divine justice, human accountability, and moral integrity. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī’s meticulous analysis and spiritual depth illuminate the timeless relevance of Sūrah Hūd and Sūrah Yūsuf. This volume continues to be an essential resource for understanding the Qurʾānic vision of a life guided by faith, resilience, and divine wisdom.

Volume Twenty–Two

Volume twenty-two continues the commentary on Sūrah Yūsuf (Chapter 12), covering verses 58–111, and begins the exegesis of Sūrah al-Raʼd (Chapter 13). This volume offers profound reflections on divine wisdom, human ethics, and the moral lessons embedded in Qurʼānic narratives.

The commentary on Sūrah Yūsuf focuses on the climax and resolution of Prophet Yūsuf’s story. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī examines Yūsuf’s interaction with his brothers when they arrive in Egypt seeking provisions during the famine. He reflects on the ethical principles demonstrated by Yūsuf, such as his magnanimity, wisdom, and reliance on God’s guidance. The narrative emphasizes the Qurʼānic values of forgiveness, family reconciliation, and the triumph of truth over falsehood. The commentary explores the symbolism in Yūsuf’s story, highlighting its relevance for moral and spiritual growth.

The narrative transitions to Yūsuf’s reunion with his family and the fulfillment of his prophetic dream. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī highlights the significance of divine providence in shaping human destiny, emphasizing that Yūsuf’s trials were part of a greater divine plan to establish justice and guidance. This section also reflects on the Qurʼān’s portrayal of patience (ṣabr) as a central virtue in navigating life’s challenges.

The volume then begins the exegesis of Sūrah al-Raʼd, which opens with a discourse on the signs of God in creation (verses 1–15). ʿAllāmah elaborates on the Qurʼānic call to reflect on the natural world as a manifestation of divine power and wisdom. The commentary addresses the interconnection between faith, reason, and revelation, emphasizing the role of human intellect in recognizing the truth of monotheism.

ʿAllāmah analyzes the themes of divine justice and human accountability, discussing how human actions influence their outcomes in both this world and the Hereafter. The commentary on Sūrah al-Raʼd includes reflections on the Qurʼānic depiction of paradise and hell, illustrating the rewards of righteousness and the consequences of moral corruption.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the interplay between divine decree and free will, the ethical dimensions of leadership as demonstrated by Prophet Yūsuf, and the philosophical implications of divine attributes as presented in Sūrah al-Raʼd.

The final discourse centers on the interpretation of dreams, analyzed across four sections. ʿAllāmah examines the nature and significance of dreams from scientific perspectives, aligning them with Qurʼānic teachings. This detailed examination provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of dreams in human experience and their spiritual implications.

Through these profound discussions, volume twenty-two highlights the depth and breadth of ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī’s exegetical scholarship, offering readers a nuanced perspective on the Qurʼān’s teachings.

Volume Twenty–Three

Volume twenty-three continues the exploration of the Qurʾānic message with the commentary on Sūrah Ibrahim (Chapter 14) and Sūrah al-Ḥijr (Chapter 15). This volume provides profound insights into themes of monotheism, divine guidance, human responsibility, and eschatological realities.

The commentary on Sūrah Ibrahim examines its verses (1–52), highlighting its focus on the guidance offered by the Qurʾān to lead humanity from darkness into light. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī emphasizes the universality of this guidance, pointing out that it transcends time and is rooted in the principle of divine mercy. The commentary analyzes the stories of past nations, illustrating the consequences of gratitude and ingratitude. ʿAllāmah reflects on the invocation of Prophet Abraham for his progeny, exploring its spiritual and ethical dimensions, particularly regarding the establishment of monotheism and the sanctity of prayer. This chapter highlights the significance of reflecting on the signs of God in creation and history as a means of recognizing His oneness and justice.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Ḥijr focuses on its verses (1–99), discussing the unalterable nature of the Qurʾān and its role as a source of guidance and solace for the Prophet Muḥammad and his followers. ʿAllāmah addresses the narratives of previous prophets, including the stories of the creation of Ādam and the defiance of Iblīs, the people of Thamūd, and the destruction of disbelieving communities. These narratives serve as reminders of the consequences of moral and spiritual corruption, as well as the mercy and justice of God. The chapter also explores the concept of divine providence, emphasizing that sustenance and life are dispensed according to divine wisdom and precise measures.

One of the distinctive features of this volume is the philosophical discourse on the immutability of the Qurʾān and its immunity from distortion. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī presents a detailed analysis of this topic, addressing historical and theological arguments to establish the Qurʾān’s authenticity and preservation. He also explores the ethical implications of human responsibility, reflecting on the balance between divine decree and free will.

Volume twenty-three is a testament to ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī’s ability to synthesize theological, historical, and philosophical insights. It serves as a vital resource for those seeking a deeper understanding of the Qurʾānic message and its relevance to individual and communal life.

Volume Twenty–Four

Volume twenty-four offers a detailed exegesis of Sūrah al-Naḥl (Chapter 16), also known as “The Bee.” This chapter explores themes of divine blessings, guidance, patience, and the ultimate purpose of creation. It serves as a profound reminder of God’s signs in the natural world and the spiritual responsibilities of humanity.

The commentary begins by highlighting the divine blessings bestowed upon humanity, such as sustenance, livestock, and the harmonious balance of the natural world. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī reflects on the signs of God in creation, emphasizing how they point to His oneness and providence. He also addresses the futility of idol worship, arguing against the misconceptions held by polytheists and illustrating the transient nature of worldly power and wealth.

A central theme in Sūrah al-Naḥl is the idea of gratitude. ʿAllāmah underlines the importance of recognizing God’s blessings and responding with thankfulness, both through words and actions. This gratitude is tied to the broader Qurʼānic concept of servitude to God, which is presented as the ultimate purpose of human existence.

Another significant discussion in this volume is the concept of migration (hijrah) for the sake of God. The verses addressing those who leave their homes to preserve their faith highlight the virtues of patience and reliance on divine assistance. ʿAllāmah provides historical context for these verses, linking them to the struggles faced by early Muslims during the Meccan and Medinan periods.

The commentary also explores the ethical and spiritual principles of governance and societal order. ʿAllāmah examines verses related to justice, truthfulness, and the prohibition of oppression. He reflects on the Qurʼānic call to enjoin good and forbid evil, presenting it as a cornerstone of a harmonious and just society.

The latter part of the chapter discusses the consequences of rejecting divine guidance, contrasting the outcomes for believers and disbelievers. ʿAllāmah explores the themes of resurrection and accountability, emphasizing the Qurʼān’s portrayal of the afterlife as a manifestation of divine justice.

Throughout the commentary, ʿAllāmah integrates philosophical discussions on topics such as free will, predestination, and the relationship between divine mercy and justice. He also engages with narrations and traditions from the Ahl al-Bayt, providing a rich tapestry of insights that deepen the understanding of the Qurʼānic verses.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the role of language in conveying divine messages, the interplay between natural and revealed signs, and the spiritual dimensions of human actions. ʿAllāmah’s nuanced approach combines theological inquiry with practical guidance, making the commentary both intellectually rigorous and spiritually enriching.

Volume twenty-four offers timeless lessons on faith, gratitude, and the responsibilities of individuals and societies. It remains a valuable resource for anyone seeking to engage deeply with the Qurʼān’s teachings and their relevance to contemporary life.

Volume Twenty–Five

Volume twenty-five provides an in-depth commentary on Sūrah al-Isrāʾ (Chapter 17), also known as “The Night Journey.” This chapter, consisting of 111 verses, primarily focuses on the glorification of God, the Prophet Muḥammad’s ascension, divine guidance, and human accountability.

The chapter opens with the theme of God’s transcendence and His complete freedom from any association with partners. This is emphasized in the declaration of the Prophet Muḥammad’s night journey (isrāʾ) from the Sacred Mosque in Mecca to the Farthest Mosque in Jerusalem. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī explores the theological and symbolic significance of this journey, highlighting it as a divine honor bestowed upon the Prophet to reveal some of God’s greatest signs. The journey serves as a testament to the Prophet’s unique status and the ultimate truth of his message.

The commentary includes an extensive discussion on the rise and fall of nations, particularly focusing on the Israelites. ʿAllāmah reflects on their history as a lesson for all believers, emphasizing the correlation between obedience to divine commands and societal prosperity, as well as the consequences of defiance and corruption. He connects these reflections to the broader principles of divine justice and human responsibility, underscoring the universality of these themes.

A key portion of this volume addresses various ethical and social injunctions presented in Sūrah al-Isrāʾ, such as the prohibition of idolatry, maintaining justice, honoring one’s parents, and the sanctity of life. ʿAllāmah examines these principles in depth, linking them to the Qurʾānic vision of a harmonious and righteous society. These injunctions are presented as essential components of an ethical framework that fosters individual and communal well-being.

The volume also examines the philosophical and theological discussions surrounding divine decree (qaḍāʾ) and human free will. ʿAllāmah offers insights into how these concepts are balanced in the Qurʾānic worldview, exploring the interplay between predestination and accountability. Additionally, he discusses the gradual revelation of the Qurʾān, emphasizing its significance in nurturing spiritual growth and understanding.

In its concluding sections, the commentary addresses the glorification of God and the affirmation of His absolute authority. The final verses reiterate God’s majesty and the futility of attributing partners to Him, encapsulating the central theme of monotheism that permeates the entire chapter.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the symbolic dimensions of the Prophet’s ascension, the ethical implications of divine justice, and the spiritual lessons drawn from historical narratives. ʿAllāmah’s approach integrates Qurʾānic exegesis with philosophical and ethical reflections, providing a comprehensive understanding of the text.

Volume twenty-five is a profound exploration of Sūrah al-Isrāʾ, offering timeless insights into the Qurʾānic teachings on faith, morality, and divine guidance. It is an invaluable resource for those seeking to deepen their understanding of the Qurʾān’s message and its relevance to contemporary challenges.

Volume Twenty–Six

Volume twenty-six continues the commentary on Sūrah al-Kahf (Chapter 18), covering the chapter in its entirety. This volume explores its rich narratives and profound themes, emphasizing the Qurʾānic guidance on faith, trials, and divine wisdom.

The chapter begins with the story of the Companions of the Cave (verses 9–26). ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī explores the historical and symbolic dimensions of this narrative, highlighting its lessons on steadfastness in faith, reliance on divine providence, and the transient nature of worldly power. The commentary reflects on the spiritual and social implications of seeking refuge in God during times of moral and societal corruption.

The narrative of the owner of the two gardens (verses 32–44) serves as a parable about the dangers of arrogance and attachment to material wealth. ʿAllāmah emphasizes the Qurʾānic critique of ingratitude and self-conceit, drawing attention to the moral consequences of neglecting one’s responsibilities toward God and society.

The volume includes an analysis of the encounter between Prophet Moses and al-Khiḍr (verses 60–82), a story that explores the nature of divine wisdom and human understanding. ʿAllāmah discusses the lessons of patience, humility, and submission to God’s will, illustrating how apparent contradictions in life can align with divine justice and purpose when viewed through a deeper spiritual lens.

The final major narrative addresses Dhū al-Qarnayn and his journey to establish justice (verses 83–102). ʿAllāmah interprets this as a story of righteous leadership and the responsibility of power. The commentary examines the balance between authority and moral integrity, emphasizing Dhū al-Qarnayn’s reliance on God and his commitment to upholding justice.

Throughout the chapter, the Qurʾānic emphasis on trials as a means of spiritual growth is a recurring theme. ʿAllāmah reflects on the various forms of trials depicted in the chapter—faith, wealth, knowledge, and power—and their role in testing human character and commitment to divine guidance.

The volume also addresses the eschatological themes presented in the chapter, particularly the descriptions of the Day of Judgment and the consequences of disbelief (verses 103–110). ʿAllāmah emphasizes the Qurʾānic call to sincerity in worship and adherence to divine commands as the path to salvation.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the philosophical implications of free will and divine decree, the ethical dimensions of wealth and power, and the Qurʾānic view of knowledge and its application. ʿAllāmah integrates these themes with practical lessons, providing a holistic understanding of the Qurʾānic worldview.

Volume twenty-six is a profound exploration of Sūrah al-Kahf, offering timeless insights into the Qurʾānic teachings on faith, morality, and the challenges of life. It remains an essential resource for those seeking to deepen their understanding of the Qurʾān and its guidance for navigating the complexities of human existence.

Volume Twenty–Seven

Volume twenty-seven presents an insightful commentary on Sūrah Maryam (Chapter 19) and Sūrah Ṭā Hā (Chapter 20). This volume is characterized by profound discussions on prophethood, divine mercy, and the trials and triumphs of faith.

The commentary begins with Sūrah Maryam, which recounts the stories of several prophets and their submission to God. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī elaborates on the accounts of Prophet Zakariyyā and the miraculous birth of Yaḥyā, emphasizing themes of divine mercy and the fulfillment of prayers. The story of Maryam and the miraculous birth of Jesus is examined in detail, particularly focusing on the manifestation of divine power and the Qurʾānic refutation of attributing divinity to Jesus. This chapter emphasizes the universality of divine guidance and the continuity of the prophetic mission.

The narrative transitions to the stories of Abraham, Ishmael, and other prophets, highlighting their steadfastness in monotheism and rejection of idolatry. ʿAllāmah reflects on the lessons derived from their lives, including the importance of patience, reliance on God, and the consequences of moral deviation. He also explores the eschatological themes in the chapter, such as the depiction of the Day of Judgment and the ultimate fate of believers and disbelievers.

The commentary on Sūrah Ṭā Hā begins with a discussion of the Qurʾān’s purpose as a source of guidance and consolation for the Prophet Muḥammad (s.a.w.). ʿAllāmah emphasizes the Qurʾānic assurance to the Prophet not to burden himself with the rejection of his message, as the divine revelation serves as a reminder for those who fear God. The narrative of Prophet Moses occupies a significant portion of this chapter, detailing his mission to Pharaoh, the miracles bestowed upon him, and the liberation of the Children of Israel. ʿAllāmah examines the theological and ethical lessons from these events, such as the significance of trust in God, the rejection of tyranny, and the consequences of arrogance and disbelief.

The story of Ādam and his temporary sojourn in the Garden is revisited, providing insights into human nature, free will, and the concept of repentance. ʿAllāmah integrates philosophical reflections on the relationship between divine decree and human agency, illustrating the Qurʾānic balance between accountability and mercy.

Throughout this volume, ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī explores subtle theological and philosophical discussions, including the nature of divine attributes, the permissibility and impermissibility of actions attributed to God, and the ethical implications of divine justice. He also addresses interpretative challenges, such as the literal versus metaphorical understanding of certain verses, providing a comprehensive approach to Qurʾānic exegesis.

Volume twenty-seven is a profound exploration of the lives of prophets and their unwavering commitment to monotheism. It offers timeless lessons on faith, morality, and the pursuit of divine guidance, making it an invaluable resource for understanding the Qurʾānic vision of human and spiritual development.

Volume Twenty–Eight

Volume twenty-eight provides a comprehensive commentary on Sūrah al-Anbiyāʼ (Chapter 21) and Sūrah al-Ḥajj (Chapter 22). This volume explores themes of prophethood, divine justice, and the moral responsibilities of individuals and societies.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Anbiyāʼ begins by addressing the heedlessness of humanity toward the Day of Reckoning, emphasizing the universal nature of divine messages and their reminders. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī reflects on the Qurʾānic critique of those who deny revelation, examining their claims and refuting them through the stories of past prophets. The narratives of prophets Moses, Abraham, Noah, David, Solomon, Job (peace be upon all), and others are analyzed to illustrate the challenges faced by these messengers and the consequences of their communities’ actions. These accounts highlight the principles of patience, reliance on God, and steadfastness in upholding the truth.

A central discussion in Sūrah al-Anbiyāʼ is the Qurʾānic perspective on monotheism and its implications for human conduct. ʿAllāmah elaborates on the relationship between faith, reason, and the recognition of God’s signs in the natural world and human history. The chapter concludes with reflections on the transient nature of worldly life and the eternal consequences of human deeds, emphasizing the ultimate triumph of truth and justice.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Ḥajj begins with an evocative depiction of the Day of Judgment, portraying the awe-inspiring scenes and the fate of humanity. ʿAllāmah explores the significance of the pilgrimage (ḥajj) as a manifestation of submission to God and a symbol of unity among believers. He reflects on the historical and spiritual dimensions of this ritual, linking it to the stories of Prophet Abraham and the establishment of the Kaʿbah as a center of worship.

Throughout Sūrah al-Ḥajj, the Qurʾānic emphasis on divine justice and human accountability is a recurring theme. ʿAllāmah examines the moral responsibilities of individuals and communities, critiquing social injustices and calling for adherence to divine guidance. The commentary also addresses theological questions about the nature of divine tests, the interplay between free will and predestination, and the ethical implications of human actions.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the philosophical dimensions of divine wisdom, the ethical principles underlying acts of worship, and the socio-political implications of justice and leadership in Islam. ʿAllāmah integrates these themes with practical lessons, providing a holistic understanding of the Qurʾānic worldview.

Volume twenty-eight of Tafsīr al-Mīzān offers profound insights into the Qurʾānic teachings on faith, morality, and the responsibilities of individuals and societies. It is a vital resource for those seeking a deeper understanding of the Qurʾān’s message and its relevance to contemporary challenges.

Volume Twenty–Nine

Volume twenty-nine covers the commentary on three significant chapters of the Qur’an: Sūrah al-Mu’minūn (Chapter 23), Sūrah al-Nūr (Chapter 24), and Sūrah al-Furqān (Chapter 25). This volume explores themes of faith, morality, divine guidance, and societal principles, offering a rich tapestry of theological and ethical insights.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Mu’minūn explores the characteristics of true believers, beginning with their humility in prayer, avoidance of vain activities, and dedication to charity. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī examines the ethical and spiritual dimensions of these attributes, linking them to the broader Qurʾānic vision of human perfection. He also reflects on the creation of humankind and the divine blessings bestowed upon them, emphasizing God’s lordship and the necessity of worshiping Him alone. The narratives of past nations, including Noah’s people, serve as lessons on the consequences of moral deviation and rejection of divine guidance.

Sūrah al-Nūr addresses the principles of modesty, chastity, and social harmony. ʿAllāmah examines the incident of a false accusation involving a member of the Prophet’s household and its broader implications for safeguarding personal honor and integrity within the community. He also reflects on the symbolic “Verse of Light” (), offering a profound philosophical discussion on the nature of divine light and causation. This chapter highlights the ethical responsibilities of believers in fostering a just and moral society, emphasizing family values, mutual respect, and the protection of private spaces.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Furqān emphasizes the distinction between truth and falsehood, highlighting the qualities of the “servants of the Merciful” (ʿIbād al-Raḥmān). ʿAllāmah discusses their humility, patience, and devotion, illustrating how these virtues lead to spiritual elevation and closeness to God. The chapter critiques idolatry and materialism, warning of their detrimental effects on individual and societal well-being. The themes of accountability, repentance, and the transformative power of faith are central to this discussion, offering guidance for navigating moral challenges.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the philosophical implications of divine causation, the interplay between free will and predestination, and the ethical foundations of social laws in Islam. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī’s nuanced approach integrates theological inquiry with practical guidance, providing a comprehensive understanding of the Qurʾānic worldview.

Volume twenty-nine is a profound exploration of faith, ethics, and divine guidance, offering timeless lessons for personal and communal development. It remains an invaluable resource for those seeking to deepen their understanding of the Qurʾān and its application to contemporary issues.

Volume Thirty

Volume thirty offers an intricate commentary on Sūrah al-Shuʿarāʼ (Chapter 26) and Sūrah al-Naml (Chapter 27). These chapters explore themes of divine justice, prophetic missions, and the consequences of human actions, intertwining historical narratives with profound theological insights.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Shuʿarāʼ explores its focus on comforting the Prophet Muḥammad (s.a.w.) in the face of rejection and opposition. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī discusses the stories of several prophets, including Moses, Abraham, Noah, Hūd, Ṣāliḥ, Lot, and Shuʿayb, emphasizing their struggles and the eventual triumph of truth over falsehood. Each narrative highlights the Qurʾānic theme of human accountability and the consequences of denying divine guidance. ʿAllāmah also reflects on the repeated refrain, “Indeed, in that is a sign, but most of them were not to believe,” linking it to the persistent patterns of human behavior in rejecting truth.

The commentary transitions into a discussion on divine knowledge, exploring its application to events and objects. ʿAllāmah critically examines theological interpretations of divine justice, addressing misconceptions about predestination and free will. He emphasizes the Qurʾānic affirmation of human agency and responsibility within the framework of divine wisdom.

In Sūrah al-Naml, ʿAllāmah explores the narratives of Prophet Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, emphasizing themes of wisdom, leadership, and submission to God. The chapter’s opening verses highlight the Qurʾānic emphasis on guidance for the believers and the significance of divine signs in the natural world. The story of Solomon is analyzed in depth, particularly his communication with the hoopoe bird and the Queen of Sheba’s eventual recognition of God’s sovereignty. These accounts highlight the Qurʾānic principles of humility, justice, and the ethical use of power.

The volume also addresses eschatological themes, particularly the descriptions of the Day of Judgment and the ultimate accountability of individuals for their deeds. ʿAllāmah reflects on the Qurʾānic portrayal of paradise and hell, illustrating the rewards for righteousness and the consequences of disbelief and arrogance.

Subtle discussions in this volume include the philosophical implications of divine justice, the ethical dimensions of prophetic missions, and the role of miracles in affirming divine authority. ʿAllāmah integrates these themes with practical lessons, offering a comprehensive understanding of the Qurʾānic worldview.

Volume thirty of Tafsīr al-Mīzān is a profound exploration of faith, morality, and divine guidance, serving as an invaluable resource for those seeking to deepen their understanding of the Qurʾān’s message and its relevance to human existence.

Volume Thirty–One

Volume thirty-one offers a detailed commentary on Sūrah al-Qaṣaṣ (Chapter 28), Sūrah al-ʿAnkabūt (Chapter 29), and Sūrah al-Rūm (Chapter 30). These chapters explore themes of divine justice, human accountability, historical reflection, and spiritual resilience.

In Sūrah al-Qaṣaṣ, ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī explores the story of Prophet Moses (a.s.), illustrating his early life, his calling as a prophet, and his eventual confrontation with Pharaoh. This narrative serves as a powerful example of divine intervention and the triumph of faith over tyranny. The commentary emphasizes the themes of patience and reliance on God, particularly during trials and oppression. ʿAllāmah reflects on the Qurʾānic parallels between the struggles of Moses and the plight of the early Muslims in Mecca, offering hope and reassurance to believers.

The commentary transitions into the broader lessons derived from the story of Moses, such as the necessity of divine guidance and the inevitability of justice. ʿAllāmah addresses the philosophical implications of free will and predestination, illustrating how the Qurʾān reconciles these concepts with human accountability. He also critiques the materialistic worldview of Pharaoh and his followers, contrasting it with the spiritual perspective advocated by the Qurʾān.

In Sūrah al-ʿAnkabūt, the chapter’s opening verses underline the trials faced by believers, asserting that faith must be tested for its sincerity. ʿAllāmah examines the historical narratives of past communities, such as the people of Noah, Abraham, and Lot, drawing lessons about the consequences of rejecting divine guidance. The chapter also highlights the transient nature of worldly power and the permanence of spiritual values.

A significant theme in Sūrah al-ʿAnkabūt is the concept of migration (hijrah) for the sake of preserving one’s faith. ʿAllāmah reflects on the Qurʾānic encouragement for believers to seek refuge in God’s earth, emphasizing the spiritual and ethical dimensions of migration. He also discusses the role of prayer in preventing immorality and wrongdoing, exploring its transformative impact on individual and communal life.

Sūrah al-Rūm shifts the focus to the broader historical and cosmic signs of God’s power and wisdom. The chapter opens with the prophecy of the Byzantine victory over the Persians, illustrating the Qurʾān’s integration of historical events into its spiritual message. ʿAllāmah reflects on the innate human disposition (fiṭra) toward recognizing God’s oneness and the ethical principles embedded in this disposition. He examines the Qurʾānic call to observe the natural world and human history as a means of understanding divine guidance.

Throughout this volume, ʿAllāmah engages with subtle theological and philosophical discussions, such as the relationship between divine justice and human freedom, the interplay between historical causality and divine will, and the spiritual implications of Qurʾānic narratives. He integrates these themes with practical guidance, providing a holistic understanding of the Qurʾānic worldview.

Volume thirty-one of Tafsīr al-Mīzān is a profound exploration of the Qurʾān’s teachings on faith, resilience, and divine justice. It offers timeless insights for navigating personal and communal challenges, making it an invaluable resource for deepening one’s connection to the Qurʾān and its transformative message.

Volume Thirty–Two

Volume thirty-two provides a comprehensive commentary on Sūrah Luqmān (Chapter 31), Sūrah al-Sajdah (Chapter 32), Sūrah al-Aḥzāb (Chapter 33), and Sūrah Sabaʼ (Chapter 34). These chapters explore key themes such as divine wisdom, the Day of Judgment, societal ethics, and historical lessons.

In Sūrah Luqmān, ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī focuses on the wisdom imparted by Luqmān to his son, particularly his exhortation to avoid polytheism, ascribing it as a great injustice. This chapter emphasizes gratitude towards God and one’s parents, reflecting on the ethical and spiritual principles that underpin human relationships. ʿAllāmah also examines the broader themes of divine unity and accountability, calling for reflection on God’s signs in creation and the natural world. The narrative of Luqmān is presented as a model of practical wisdom and moral clarity.

Sūrah al-Sajdah shifts the focus to the origins and destiny of humanity. ʿAllāmah explores the creation of human beings, the gift of the divine spirit, and the ultimate return to God. The chapter’s eschatological themes include vivid descriptions of resurrection and divine recompense. He reflects on the Qur’anic view of human life as a journey shaped by actions and decisions, underscoring the significance of faith and righteous deeds.

In Sūrah al-Aḥzāb, the commentary addresses societal challenges and the ethical responsibilities of the nascent Muslim community in Medina. ʿAllāmah discusses the rules and expectations for the Prophet’s household, the Battle of Khandaq, and the importance of unity and discipline in the face of external threats. This chapter emphasizes the virtues of modesty, respect, and the centrality of the Prophet’s leadership. ʿAllāmah provides an in-depth analysis of the verse of purification (āyah al-taṭhīr, ) and the divine blessings upon the Prophet’s household.

The commentary on Sūrah Sabaʼ highlights the interplay between human actions and divine blessings. The chapter recounts the story of the people of Sabaʼ, who fell into disobedience despite their prosperity, resulting in their downfall. ʿAllāmah reflects on the lessons drawn from this narrative, emphasizing gratitude, humility, and the transient nature of worldly power. The chapter also discusses the unique gifts bestowed upon Prophets David and Solomon (peace be upon them), illustrating the ethical use of power and knowledge in service to God.

Throughout this volume, ʿAllāmah integrates theological, ethical, and historical discussions, offering a nuanced understanding of the Qur’anic worldview. Subtle topics include the nature of divine wisdom, the ethical dimensions of leadership, and the spiritual lessons derived from historical narratives. He consistently ties these themes to practical guidance for individuals and societies.

Volume thirty-two of Tafsīr al-Mīzān provides profound insights into the Qur’an’s teachings on faith, morality, and the human-divine relationship. It remains an invaluable resource for those seeking to deepen their understanding of the Qur’an and its application to personal and communal life.

Volume Thirty–Three

Volume thirty-three provides a detailed commentary on Sūrah Fāṭir (Chapter 35), Sūrah Yā-Sīn (Chapter 36), Sūrah al-Ṣāffāt (Chapter 37), and Sūrah Ṣād (Chapter 38). This volume offers profound reflections on themes such as divine creation, the role of angels, the nature of Satan, and the stories of prophets, linking them to theological, ethical, and philosophical discussions.

The commentary on Sūrah Fāṭir emphasizes the oneness of God as the Originator of creation and highlights His ability to bestow and withhold mercy. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī reflects on the symbolic language of the angels’ wings, exploring their role as intermediaries between God and creation. The chapter critiques idolatry and highlights the transient nature of worldly life, calling believers to focus on their ultimate return to God. It also explores the themes of guidance and misguidance, divine mercy, and accountability.

In Sūrah Yā-Sīn, celebrated as the “heart of the Qur’an,” ʿAllāmah examines the chapter’s eschatological themes, emphasizing resurrection, divine justice, and the distinction between believers and disbelievers. The narrative of the “people of the town” is analyzed, highlighting the importance of following divine guidance. ʿAllāmah analyzes the philosophical implications of the verse “Indeed, everything We have enumerated in a manifest Imām” (), reflecting on its possible interpretations. The chapter’s closing verses underline God’s omnipotence and the ease with which He brings creation into existence.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Ṣāffāt elaborates on the ranks of angels and their obedience to God. ʿAllāmah examines the narratives of earlier prophets, including Noah, Abraham, and Jonah (peace be upon them), as examples of unwavering faith and the consequences of rejecting divine guidance. A special focus is given to the symbolic imagery of “shooting stars” and their association with repelling the devils, offering a nuanced interpretation of this phenomenon.

In Sūrah Ṣād, the focus shifts to the narratives of David, Solomon, and Job, emphasizing their trials and steadfastness in faith. The story of Ādam (a.s.) and the defiance of Satan is revisited, providing insights into human nature, free will, and the concept of repentance. ʿAllāmah also reflects on the ethical and spiritual dimensions of leadership and divine tests.

Throughout this volume, ʿAllāmah engages with theological discussions on divine justice, the nature of angels, and the interplay between free will and predestination. He integrates Qur’anic exegesis with philosophical inquiry, offering a holistic understanding of the text. Subtle discussions include the role of metaphors in describing divine realities, the ethical implications of human actions, and the esoteric dimensions of worship.

Volume thirty-three of Tafsīr al-Mīzān is a profound exploration of the Qur’an’s teachings on faith, morality, and the human-divine relationship. It remains an invaluable resource for those seeking a deeper understanding of the Qur’an and its relevance to contemporary challenges.

Volume Thirty–Four

Volume thirty-four offers an intricate commentary on three Meccan chapters of the Qur’an: Sūrah al-Zumar (Chapter 39), Sūrah Ghāfir (Chapter 40), and Sūrah Fuṣṣilat (Chapter 41). These chapters explore themes of monotheism, divine justice, and the inevitability of resurrection, addressing the Prophet Muḥammad’s call to faith and the resistance he faced from his people.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Zumar emphasizes the exclusivity of worship and faith in God. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī explores the chapter’s arguments for monotheism, contrasting the fate of believers and disbelievers. A significant portion of the commentary reflects on the vivid depiction of the Day of Judgment, where the faithful and the faithless are driven in throngs to their respective destinies. The chapter critiques idolatry and calls for sincere devotion to God, underscoring the consequences of rejecting divine guidance.

In Sūrah Ghāfir, also known as Sūrah al-Mu’min, ʿAllāmah examines the story of the “believer from Pharaoh’s clan,” a man who defended Prophet Moses against Pharaoh’s tyranny. This narrative serves as a call to courage and conviction for those hesitant to publicly support the Prophet Muḥammad. ʿAllāmah reflects on the contrast between divine mercy and severe retribution, as highlighted in the chapter’s opening verses. The commentary also addresses theological questions about intercession and the ultimate accountability of all individuals before God.

The commentary on Sūrah Fuṣṣilat focuses on the Qur’an as a revelation elaborated in clear Arabic for the guidance of the Prophet’s people. ʿAllāmah examines the idolaters’ rejection of the Qur’anic message and their demands for miracles, providing philosophical insights into the nature of revelation and human responses to divine guidance. The chapter emphasizes the unity of divine attributes and the inevitability of resurrection, calling upon humanity to reflect on the signs of God in the natural world and within themselves.

Throughout this volume, ʿAllāmah engages in subtle discussions on divine approval and displeasure, the knowledge of inanimate objects as depicted in the Qur’an, and the interplay between reason and revelation. He addresses the historical context of the Qur’anic verses, providing a nuanced understanding of the debates between the Prophet and the Meccan polytheists. The philosophical reflections on idolatry, divine justice, and the ethical dimensions of belief are seamlessly integrated with the exegetical analysis.

Volume thirty-four of Tafsīr al-Mīzān is a profound exploration of the Qur’anic teachings on faith, morality, and divine guidance. It offers timeless lessons for contemporary readers, making it an essential resource for understanding the challenges and principles underlying the Prophet’s mission.

Volume Thirty–Five

Volume thirty-five offers an in-depth commentary on five chapters of the Qur’an: Sūras al-Shūrā (Chapter 42), al-Zukhruf (Chapter 43), al-Dukhān (Chapter 44), al-Jāthiyah (Chapter 45), and al-Aḥqāf (Chapter 46). These Meccan chapters, often referred to as the Ḥā Mīm chapters due to their opening disconnected letters, explore themes of divine revelation, monotheism, and the ultimate consequences of belief and disbelief.

In Sūrah al-Shūrā, the discussion revolves around revelation as a communication from God to His prophets. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī reflects on the centrality of revelation in guiding humanity and its connection to divine mercy and justice. The chapter also addresses the concept of sustenance (rizq) and the responsibility of believers to recognize God’s unity and signs in creation. The chapter includes the significant “Verse of Affection” (āyat al-mawaddah, ), which enjoins love for the Prophet’s family.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Zukhruf critiques the idolaters’ false beliefs, particularly the claim that God has offspring. ʿAllāmah examines the Qur’anic arguments refuting such notions, highlighting the message of previous prophets and the consequences of rejecting divine guidance. The chapter also emphasizes the futility of worldly adornments (zukhruf) compared to the eternal reward of paradise.

In Sūrah al-Dukhān, the focus is on the sending of revelation during the blessed Night of Ordainment (Laylat al-Qadr). ʿAllāmah explores the Qur’an as a mercy and guidance for humanity, contrasting it with the punishment of past nations who rejected their prophets. The chapter reiterates the themes of divine justice and human accountability.

Sūrah al-Jāthiyah highlights the importance of reflecting on God’s signs in creation as evidence of His oneness. The chapter warns of the consequences awaiting those who turn away from divine guidance and emphasizes adherence to Sharīʿah as the path to salvation. ʿAllāmah investigates the concept of deeds being recorded and presented on the Day of Judgment, a central theme of this chapter.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Aḥqāf highlights the arguments for resurrection and the oneness of God, addressing the challenges posed by idolaters who deny these truths. The destruction of the people of Hūd is recounted as a warning to the disbelievers. The chapter also includes reflections on the responsibilities of the faithful and the role of divine guidance in leading humanity toward felicity.

Throughout this volume, ʿAllāmah engages in subtle theological and philosophical discussions, such as the nature of divine speech, the ethical implications of free will, and the interrelation between divine justice and human accountability. He integrates these themes with historical narratives, providing a comprehensive understanding of the Qur’anic worldview.

Volume thirty-five of Tafsīr al-Mīzān is a profound exploration of the Qur’anic teachings on faith, morality, and divine revelation, offering timeless insights for readers seeking a deeper connection with the Qur’an and its guidance for humanity.

Volume Thirty–Six

Volume thirty-six provides an in-depth commentary on five Qur’anic chapters: Sūras Muḥammad (Chapter 47), al-Fatḥ (Chapter 48), al-Ḥujurāt (Chapter 49), Qāf (Chapter 50), and al-Dhāriyāt (Chapter 51). These chapters explore themes of faith, divine mercy, societal ethics, resurrection, and divine justice, offering insights into the Prophet Muḥammad’s mission and the responsibilities of believers.

In Sūrah Muḥammad, the chapter contrasts the qualities and actions of the faithful with those of the faithless, examining their ultimate fates. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī emphasizes the consequences of hypocrisy and disobedience while warning believers against inclining toward the disbelievers. The chapter also discusses the rules of warfare and the importance of striving for the preservation of divine truth.

Sūrah al-Fatḥ recounts the events surrounding the Treaty of Ḥudaybiyyah and emphasizes God’s favor upon His Messenger and the faithful. ʿAllāmah reflects on the spiritual significance of this “clear victory” and the promise of divine reward for those who demonstrate faith and righteousness. The chapter concludes by highlighting the noble qualities of the Prophet Muḥammad (s.a.w.) and his companions, as described in the Torah and Gospel.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Ḥujurāt examines the ethical and social teachings of Islam, including proper etiquette with God and His Messenger, interpersonal interactions within a community, and the criteria for superiority among individuals. ʿAllāmah highlights the significance of brotherhood, mutual respect, and the essence of true faith and submission.

In Sūrah Qāf, ʿAllāmah explores the themes of resurrection, divine knowledge, and the power of creation. The chapter emphasizes the inevitability of the Day of Judgment and the consequences of human actions. Reflections on God’s omnipotence and the intricate design of the universe serve as reminders of the Creator’s authority and wisdom.

Sūrah al-Dhāriyāt focuses on the Day of Recompense and presents arguments for the resurrection through signs in the heavens, the earth, and human souls. ʿAllāmah examines the destruction of past nations that rejected divine guidance and concludes with a powerful verse: “I did not create the jinn and the humans except that they may worship Me” (). This verse encapsulates the Qur’anic vision of humanity’s purpose and its ultimate accountability to God.

Throughout this volume, ʿAllāmah engages in subtle theological and philosophical discussions, addressing issues such as free will, divine justice, and the moral and spiritual dimensions of faith. He integrates these reflections with practical lessons for individuals and societies, offering a holistic understanding of the Qur’anic worldview.

Volume thirty-six of Tafsīr al-Mīzān provides profound insights into the relationship between faith, ethics, and divine guidance, making it an invaluable resource for those seeking a deeper connection with the Qur’an and its teachings.

Volume Thirty–Seven

Volume thirty-seven provides an insightful commentary on six Qur’anic chapters: Sūras al-Ṭūr (Chapter 52), al-Najm (Chapter 53), al-Qamar (Chapter 54), al-Raḥmān (Chapter 55), al-Wāqiʿah (Chapter 56), and al-Ḥadīd (Chapter 57). These chapters explore themes such as divine justice, human accountability, the blessings of God, the signs of resurrection, and the social obligations of believers.

In Sūrah al-Ṭūr, ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī examines the warnings to the disbelievers regarding the Day of Judgment and their rejection of the Prophet Muḥammad (s.a.w.). The chapter includes vivid descriptions of the afterlife and the fate awaiting both believers and disbelievers. ʿAllāmah also reflects on the oaths taken by God at the beginning of the chapter, interpreting them as evidence of the importance of the revelation and divine decrees. He dissects the accusations made against the Prophet, providing a detailed refutation of these claims and showcasing the Qur’an’s logical coherence.

Sūrah al-Najm focuses on the Prophet’s experience of revelation and the Night Journey (Isrā’). ʿAllāmah explores the Qur’anic portrayal of divine power and knowledge, contrasting it with the ignorance of the idolaters. He reflects on the criticism of polytheism and explains the principles of intercession as outlined in the Qur’an. The commentary also addresses the historical context of the chapter, shedding light on its significance during the early Meccan period.

In Sūrah al-Qamar, ʿAllāmah analyzes the miraculous splitting of the moon, emphasizing its role as a sign for the disbelievers. The chapter recounts the stories of past nations, such as the people of Noah, ʿĀd, Thamūd, and Lot, illustrating the consequences of rejecting divine guidance. ʿAllāmah engages in subtle discussions on the nature of miracles, the meaning of qadr (divine determination), and the concept of omens in Islamic thought.

Sūrah al-Raḥmān is celebrated for its poetic beauty and repeated refrain, “So which of your Lord’s bounties will you both deny?” ʿAllāmah reflects on the duality within the chapter, addressing humans and jinn while emphasizing the blessings of God in creation. He examines the descriptions of paradise and hell, highlighting the Qur’anic call for gratitude and recognition of divine mercy. The commentary also explores the dual stages of existence—this world and the hereafter—and their ultimate moral and spiritual implications.

In Sūrah al-Wāqiʿah, the Qur’an categorizes humanity into three groups: the Foremost, the People of the Right Hand, and the People of the Left Hand. ʿAllāmah discusses their respective fates, emphasizing the moral and spiritual criteria for success in the hereafter. He reflects on the chapter’s descriptions of resurrection, accountability, and the rewards for righteous deeds. The commentary also addresses the significance of divine sustenance and human responsibility in light of God’s blessings.

Sūrah al-Ḥadīd focuses on the virtues of spending in the way of God, reflecting on the role of wealth as a test of faith and commitment. ʿAllāmah examines the symbolic and practical implications of the “descent of iron” (), linking it to the themes of strength, justice, and societal development. The chapter highlights the balance between spiritual devotion and worldly responsibilities, calling believers to maintain sincerity and humility in their actions.

Throughout this volume, ʿAllāmah integrates philosophical and theological reflections, addressing issues such as the nature of divine justice, the interplay between free will and predestination, and the ethical dimensions of human conduct. His nuanced approach ties the historical and spiritual contexts of the verses to their contemporary relevance.

Volume thirty-seven of Tafsīr al-Mīzān offers profound insights into the Qur’an’s teachings on faith, ethics, and divine guidance. It remains an invaluable resource for readers seeking a deeper understanding of the Qur’an and its transformative message for humanity.

Volume Thirty–Eight

Volume thirty-eight provides a detailed commentary on chapters 58 to 69 of the Qur’an, covering Sūras al-Mujādilah, al-Ḥashr, al-Mumtaḥanah, al-Ṣaff, al-Jumuʿah, al-Munāfiqūn, al-Taghābun, al-Ṭalāq, al-Taḥrīm, al-Mulk, al-Qalam, and al-Ḥāqqah. These chapters span a range of themes, including societal ethics, the Day of Judgment, familial relationships, divine justice, and the attributes of God.

Sūrah al-Mujādilah opens with a discussion on the practice of ẓihār (a pre-Islamic form of divorce) and its rectification under Islamic law. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī emphasizes the themes of justice, human dignity, and the necessity of adhering to divine laws. He also reflects on the etiquette of social interactions, including proper conduct during private conversations and gatherings.

In Sūrah al-Ḥashr, the commentary highlights the exile of the Banū al-Naḍīr and the implications of broken covenants. ʿAllāmah explores the ethical and spiritual lessons derived from these historical events, particularly the importance of trustworthiness and vigilance. The closing verses focus on the divine names and attributes, providing a theological framework for understanding God’s justice and mercy.

Sūrah al-Mumtaḥanah addresses the complexities of political and social alliances. ʿAllāmah explores the Qur’anic principles guiding interactions with non-Muslims and the emphasis on faith and integrity as the foundation of community relations. The commentary reflects on the importance of prioritizing allegiance to God and His Messenger over worldly ties.

In Sūrah al-Ṣaff, the Qur’an calls believers to unite and strive in the path of God. ʿAllāmah examines the historical and spiritual significance of collective effort and self-sacrifice. The mention of Prophet Jesus announcing the coming of the final Messenger reinforces the continuity of divine guidance.

Sūrah al-Jumuʿah explores the role of Friday prayer as a symbol of communal identity and renewal. ʿAllāmah emphasizes prioritizing spiritual obligations over worldly distractions, reflecting the importance of balance in a believer’s life.

The portrayal of hypocrisy in Sūrah al-Munāfiqūn serves as a warning against duplicity within the Muslim community. ʿAllāmah examines the psychological and societal impact of hypocrisy, urging sincerity and adherence to divine guidance. In Sūrah al-Taghābun, he broadens this reflection to encompass universal trials of faith and the interplay between divine justice and human agency.

Sūrah al-Ṭalāq and Sūrah al-Taḥrīm focus on familial relationships and the ethical principles governing them. ʿAllāmah provides practical insights into divorce, reconciliation, and the sanctity of domestic life, emphasizing compassion and responsibility.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Mulk reflects on the signs of God’s majesty in creation. ʿAllāmah discusses the cosmological arguments for divine power and the responsibility of humans to reflect on their place in the universe. Sūrah al-Qalam reaffirms the moral character of the Prophet Muḥammad in the face of accusations and adversity.

Finally, Sūrah al-Ḥāqqah presents vivid imagery of the Day of Resurrection and the ultimate accountability of all beings. ʿAllāmah reflects on the transient nature of worldly life and the eternal consequences of human actions.

Throughout this volume, ʿAllāmah integrates theological, ethical, and historical discussions, offering a nuanced understanding of the Qur’anic worldview. Subtle themes include the nature of divine justice, the ethical implications of human actions, and the spiritual lessons derived from historical narratives. His balanced approach ties the Qur’anic teachings to contemporary challenges, providing timeless guidance for believers.

Volume thirty-eight of Tafsīr al-Mīzān is a profound exploration of the Qur’an’s ethical, theological, and social teachings, offering readers valuable insights into the divine guidance necessary for personal and communal well-being.

Volume Thirty–Nine

Volume thirty-nine covers the commentary on Sūras al-Ma’ārij (Chapter 70), Nūḥ (Chapter 71), al-Jinn (Chapter 72), al-Muzzammil (Chapter 73), al-Muddaththir (Chapter 74), al-Qiyāmah (Chapter 75), al-Insān (Chapter 76), and al-Mursalāt (Chapter 77). These chapters explore themes of divine justice, human accountability, the role of prophets, and the spiritual and moral guidance provided by the Qur’an.

In Sūrah al-Ma’ārij, ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī examines the human tendency toward impatience and greed, contrasting it with the virtues of steadfastness and trust in God. The commentary emphasizes the significance of preparation for the Day of Judgment and highlights the qualities that distinguish the pious, such as prayer, charity, and honesty.

Sūrah Nūḥ narrates the mission of Prophet Noah (a.s.), illustrating his perseverance in calling his people to monotheism. ʿAllāmah reflects on the consequences of rejecting divine guidance and the inevitability of divine justice. The chapter serves as a reminder of God’s mercy for those who heed His call and the ultimate accountability of all human actions.

In Sūrah al-Jinn, ʿAllāmah explores the existence of the jinn and their acknowledgment of the Qur’an’s truth. The chapter discusses the nature of revelation and its impact on both human and non-human creation. ʿAllāmah also addresses the themes of submission to God and the limitations of human knowledge regarding the unseen.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Muzzammil reflects on the spiritual discipline and devotion required of believers. ʿAllāmah examines the significance of night prayer and the recitation of the Qur’an as means of drawing closer to God. He also addresses the gradual nature of spiritual and societal transformation, emphasizing the importance of patience and persistence.

Sūrah al-Muddaththir continues the call to prophetic responsibility, urging the Prophet Muḥammad to rise and warn humanity. ʿAllāmah investigates the ethical challenges faced by the early Muslim community and the importance of sincerity and steadfastness in the face of opposition. The chapter also provides vivid descriptions of the consequences of disbelief and the rewards of faith.

In Sūrah al-Qiyāmah, the commentary focuses on the vivid imagery of the Day of Resurrection and the moral and spiritual accountability it entails. ʿAllāmah reflects on the transient nature of worldly life and the permanence of the hereafter, urging believers to prepare for the ultimate meeting with their Creator.

Sūrah al-Insān highlights the purpose of human creation and the paths of gratitude and ingratitude available to humanity. ʿAllāmah discusses the characteristics of the righteous, their rewards in the hereafter, and the ethical principles that guide their lives. The commentary reflects on the spiritual and moral dimensions of human existence and the role of divine guidance in achieving salvation.

Finally, Sūrah al-Mursalāt presents a series of oaths emphasizing the certainty of the Day of Judgment. ʿAllāmah explores the Qur’anic descriptions of the consequences awaiting the righteous and the wicked, reflecting on the themes of divine justice and mercy. The chapter serves as a stark reminder of the moral imperatives that underpin the Qur’anic message.

Throughout this volume, ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī integrates theological, ethical, and philosophical discussions, providing a holistic understanding of the Qur’anic worldview. His commentary weaves together historical context, spiritual insights, and practical guidance, making Volume thirty-nine of Tafsīr al-Mīzān a profound resource for understanding the timeless relevance of the Qur’an.

Volume Forty

Volume forty of Tafsīr al-Mīzān by ʿAllāmah Muḥammad Ḥusayn Ṭabāṭabāʾī concludes his monumental exegesis, covering Sūrah al-Nabaʾ (Chapter 78) through Sūrah al-Nās (Chapter 114). This volume encapsulates key theological, eschatological, and ethical themes while offering profound reflections on the Qur’anic message as a whole.

The commentary begins with Sūrah al-Nabaʾ, which emphasizes the certainty of the Day of Judgment and the divine wisdom manifest in creation. ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabaʿī examines the natural signs and divine blessings as evidence for resurrection and accountability, reflecting on the Qur’anic descriptions of Paradise and Hell as ultimate outcomes for human actions.

In the mid-range chapters, including Sūrah al-Ḍuḥā (Chapter 93) and Sūrah al-Sharḥ (Chapter 94), ʿAllāmah reflects on the Prophet Muḥammad’s personal trials and divine care. These chapters convey hope, resilience, and the promise of ease following hardship, offering timeless spiritual lessons.

The commentary on Sūrah al-Takwīr (Chapter 81), Sūrah al-Infiṭār (Chapter 82), and other eschatological chapters provides vivid imagery of cosmic upheaval and the eventual gathering for judgment. ʿAllāmah analyzes the relationship between divine justice and human accountability, exploring how the Qur’an links moral conduct to ultimate recompense.

Sūrah al-Ikhlāṣ (Chapter 112) receives special attention for its concise yet profound articulation of divine oneness. ʿAllāmah explains the chapter’s centrality to Islamic theology, refuting anthropomorphic and polytheistic notions of God while emphasizing His transcendence and uniqueness. Similarly, in Sūrah al-Falaq (Chapter 113) and Sūrah al-Nās (Chapter 114), he elaborates on the themes of seeking divine refuge from external and internal evils, linking them to the Qur’an’s broader call for reliance on God.

Throughout the volume, ʿAllāmah integrates philosophical and theological discussions with Qur’anic exegesis. He addresses topics such as the harmony between divine justice and mercy, the role of human free will in shaping destiny, and the significance of spiritual purification. His reflections on divine guidance highlight the Qur’an’s timeless relevance in navigating moral and existential challenges.

The volume also reflects on the Qur’an’s literary and rhetorical excellence, with ʿAllāmah illustrating how its language and structure contribute to its enduring impact. These discussions serve as a culmination of his methodological approach, tying together insights from earlier volumes while offering a holistic understanding of the Qur’anic message.

Volume forty is both a conclusion to Tafsīr al-Mīzān and a gateway for readers to engage deeply with the Qur’anic teachings. It highlights the Qur’an’s transformative power and its guidance for all aspects of human life, making it an essential resource for scholars and believers alike.